Violence

Violence is an extreme form of aggression, such as assault, rape or murder.
Violence has many causes, including frustration, exposure to violent media, violence in the home or neighborhood and a tendency to see other people's actions as hostile even when they're not. Certain situations also increase the risk of aggression, such as drinking, insults and other provocations and environmental factors like heat and overcrowding.Many people think of school shootings when they think of teen violence. But teen violence includes many different activities. These include fights, gang violence and suicide. The victims of teen violence are most often other teenagers.
Teens who commit acts of violence are often involved in other types of risky or criminal behavior. They may use drugs, carry weapons, drive recklessly and have unsafe sex.

The most critical risk factor for violence for your children is the behavior of their friends and classmates. You should know who your kids hang out with and encourage healthy behavior and relationships.Religious and political ideologies have been the cause of interpersonal violence throughout history.The causes of violent behavior in humans are often topics of research in psychology and sociology. Neurobiologist Jan Volavka emphasizes that for those purposes, “violent behavior is defined as intentional physically aggressive behavior against another person."

Official crime statistics reveal high rates of offense among young people. These offenses include rape, assault, and theft. About 34 percent of all offenders arrested for criminal offenses in 2006 were under the age of twenty-one






http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violence
www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/teenviolence.html

Depression

1.)changes in the body's balance of hormones, which can be a result of problems in the thyroid, menopause, or other condition. Inherited traits are also involved in causes of depression.


2.Environmental causes of depression are concerned with factors that are outside of ourselves.he environmental causes of depression are life events such as the death or loss of familiars of loved ones, financial problems, and high stress. Early childhood traumas can be also a cause of depression, traumatic events during childhood such as abuse or loss of a loved one which can cause permanent changes in the brain.


3.)Cognitive causes of depression are learned through relationships, unfavorable life situations often in childhood and the formative years. People view the world in a negative way, this negative view is usually a distortion of reality.



4.)he cognitive symptoms of depression actually precede the affective and mood symptoms of depression, rather than vice versa.


http://www.allaboutdepression.com/cau_04.html
http://www.personalityresearch.org/papers/allen.html

Articles on Depression

1.) The person who conducted the study was Dr. Mahmood I. Siddique, . In June 9, 2010, in San Antonio, Texas, at SLEEP 2010, the 24th annual meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies LLC. The study involved 262 high school seniors with an average age of 17.7 years who were attending a public high school in Mercer County, N.J. Participant show socio-demographic characteristics using a cross-sectional survey. Too much daytime sleepiness was indicated by a score of 10 or higher on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and mood was evaluated with a validated depression scale. The results indicated that high school seniors were three times more likely to have strong depression symptoms if they had excessive daytime sleepiness.http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/06/100609083221.htm


2.)The person who conducted the study was Lawrence T. Lam, Ph.D., , in August 2010. It will appear in the October print issue of Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 1,041 teens in China were assessed for depression and anxiety using previously validated scales. They also completed a survey to identify pathological Internet use, including questions that reflect typical behaviors of addiction. At the beginning of the study, 62 participants were classified as having moderately pathological use of the Internet, and 2% were severely at risk. Nine months later, the adolescents were re-assessed for anxiety and depression; 2% had significant anxiety symptoms and 84% had developed depression. The risk of depression for those who used the Internet pathologically was about two and a half times that of those who did not. No relationship was observed between pathological Internet use and anxiety.http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/08/100802165402.htm






3.)The study was conducted by researchers at the University of Bergen, Norway, The study consisted of a survey of over 60,000, complemented with already existent records. Researchers found that over the following 4 yearsusing the survey, the mortality risk was increased to a similar extent in people who were depressed as in people who were smokers.It appears that we're talking about two risk groups here. People with very high levels of anxiety symptoms may be naturally more vulnerable due to stress, for example through the effects stress has on cardiovascular.In terms of the relationship between mortality and anxiety with depression as a risk factor, the research suggests that help-seeking behaviour may explain the pattern of outcomes. outcomes.http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/11/091117094933.htm

The Basics of schizophrenia

1. In this type of schizophrenia, the individual has feelings of being persecuted or plotted against. Affected individuals may have grandiose (over-the-top) delusions associated with protecting themselves from the perceived plot.

The key symptoms are delusions and auditory hallucinations. Paranoid schizophrenia usually does not involve the disorganized speech and behavior that is seen in other types of schizophrenia. Patients with paranoid schizophrenia typically are tense, suspicious, guarded, and reserved.

2.Disorganized schizophrenia is a type of schizophrenia in which behavior is disturbed and has no purpose.Symptoms

Active, but in an aimless and not constructive way
Bizarre and inappropriate emotional responses
False, fixed beliefs (delusions)
Inability to feel pleasure
Inappropriate grinning and grimacing
Lack of emotion and motivation
Seeing or hearing things that aren't there (hallucinations)
Silly behavior

3.delusions
hallucinations
disorganized speech frequent derailment or incoherence)
grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
negative symptoms, affective flattening, alogia, or avolition

4. bizarre behavior
disorganized thinking
disorganized speech

5. Affective flattening is the reduction in the range and intensity of emotional expression, including facial expression, voice tone, eye contact, and body language.

Alogia, or poverty of speech, is the lessening of speech fluency and productivity, thought to reflect slowing or blocked thoughts, and often manifested as short, empty replies to questions.

Avolition is the reduction, difficulty, or inability to initiate and persist in goal-directed behavior; it is often mistaken for apparent disinterest. (examples of avolition include: no longer interested in going out and meeting with friends, no longer interested in activities that the person used to show enthusiasm for, no longer interested in much of anything, sitting in the house for many hours a day doing nothing.)

6.
Delusions are false or erroneous beliefs that usually involve a misinterpretation of perceptions or experiences. Their content may include a variety of themes (e.g., persecutory, referential, somatic, religious, or grandiose).


Hallucinations may occur in any sensory modality (e.g., auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, and tactile), but auditory hallucinations are by far the most common. Auditory hallucinations are usually experienced as voices, whether familiar or unfamiliar, that are perceived as distinct from the person’s own thoughts.

7.
Cognitive symptoms are subtle. Like negative symptoms, cognitive symptoms may be difficult to recognize as part of the disorder. Often, they are detected only when other tests are performed. Cognitive symptoms include the following:
Poor "executive functioning" (the ability to understand information and use it to make decisions)
Trouble focusing or paying attention
Problems with "working memory" (the ability to use information immediately after learning it).
Cognitive symptoms often make it hard to lead a normal life and earn a living. They can cause great emotional distress.

8.Avolition is the reduction, difficulty, or inability to initiate and persist in goal-directed behavior; it is often mistaken for apparent disinterest. (examples of avolition include: no longer interested in going out and meeting with friends, no longer interested in activities that the person used to show enthusiasm for, no longer interested in much of anything, sitting in the house for many hours a day doing nothing.)

9.

Catatonic disorders are a group of symptoms characterized by disturbances in motor (muscular movement) behavior that may have either a psychological or a physiological basis. The best-known of these symptoms is immobility, which is a rigid positioning of the body held for a considerable length of time. Patients diagnosed with a catatonic disorder may maintain their body position for hours, days, weeks or even months at a time. Alternately, catatonic symptoms may look like agitated, purposeless movements that are seemingly unrelated to the person's environment.

10. delusional conviction of one's own importance, power, or knowledge or that one is, or has a special relationship with, a deity or a famous person.

11.

delusions of reference involve people having a belief or perception that irrelevant, unrelated or innocuous phenomena in the world refer to them directly or have special personal significance.

12. delusion that a part of one's body has been injured or altered in some manner.

personality disorders

Border Line:is a personality disorder described as a prolonged disturbance of personality function in a person (generally over the age of eighteen years, although it is also found in adolescents), characterized by depth and variability of moods.

Schizotypals a personality disorder that is characterized by a need for social isolation, odd behavior and thinking, and often unconventional beliefs.

Paranoid:is a psychiatric diagnosis characterized by paranoia and a pervasive, long-standing suspiciousness and generalized mistrust of others.

Narcissistics a personality disorder defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the diagnostic classification system used in the United States.

Histrionic: is defined by the American Psychiatric Association as a personality disorder characterized by a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking, including an excessive need for approval and inappropriate seductiveness, usually beginning in early adulthood.

Antisocialis a condition characterized by persistent disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood.

Obsessive-compulsive:is a personality disorder which involves an obsession with perfection, rules, and organization.

Avoidant: is a personality disorder recognized in the DSM-IV TR handbook in a person over the age of eighteen years as characterized by a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation, and avoidance of social interaction.

personality

my result was that it was idealist.

One day in 1968 jane elliott ateacher in a small all small lowa town divided her third grade class into a blue eyes and brown eyes groups and gave them a daring lesson in descrimination.She wanted to show her pupils what discrimination feels like, and what it can do to peopleThroughout the day, The interesting part of this was that Elliott praised them and allowed them privileges such as a taking a longer recess and being first in the lunch linen contrast, the brown-eyed children had to wear collars around their necks and their behavior and performance were criticized and ridiculed by Elliott. On the second day, the roles were reversed and the blue-eyed children were made to feel inferior while the brown eyes were designated the dominant group.

What is racism

racism is the belief that the genetic factors which constitute race are a primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race. Racism's effects are called "racial discrimination." In the case of institutional racism, certain racial groups may be denied rights or benefits, or receive preferential treatmentRacial discrimination is treating people differently through a process of social division into categories not necessarily related to races. Racial segregation policies may officialize it, but it is also often exerted without being legalized.

Psychology

Psychology is very important in our lives because of psychology we can live better. All the Psychology we have it in our brains it has to do with what we think and what we do after thinking.Psychology is important to me because it led me know all the thing I do. It led us know all our problems. Some time we say we have Psychological prblems because of what you see and then what you think and feel and it happens many times to me and to the people around me. But thanks to Psychology I can live better and it is part of our human body. Psychology class make us know real things that had happen to us. And we learn things that we already know but we learn it more specifically. And it is very fun learning all this things because it occurs to our lives. Every day we have psyhological thing. And eeveryday we can learn more of that .